Tuesday, December 11, 2012

Tim Barzditis - "Most Strange News" (John Trundle)


            John Trundle (1575-1629) was a man who printed and sold books, but despite his fascination with sharing information, little is known about him. Trundle was born in 1575 in Hertfordshire; when he was only two, his father died and his mother remarried shortly thereafter. Finding a passion for printing, Trundle became Ralph Hancock’s apprentice and officially became a printer in 1597. Trundle specialized in in plays (such as Hamlet) and other books and sonnets, but primarily focused on news. He continued printing news for London until he died in 1629.
            For ease of reading, I have modified Trundle’s “Most Strange News” (1614) to feature modern American English.  For example, many words feature additional an additional “e” at the end of them, like “thinke;” in this edition, it shall read as “think.” Additionally, words such as “hath” and “doth” have been updated to read as “has” and “does,” respectively. Two pronouns have been written in bold in this edition to demonstrate the different font they appeared in within the original. The reasoning behind the different font was not apparent. However, words that seemed unclear or had no clear translation have been kept the same as they would originally appear. The punctuation has remained the same, save for one exception, which is footnoted. Footnotes appear throughout the edited version to provide clarity or to explain significance within Trundle’s word choice.
            While this is not a complete edition of Trundle’s original, this version remains true to the 1614 document. No words have been added or removed, and the ones that have been modified have been done in a way to not lose the meaning or significance that Trundle had intended.

Most Strange News
Veritas non quaerit angulos[1].
            Let truth go unmasked because her[2] face is unpainted, plainly and truly then: thus there is

discovered in our neighbor County of Sussex[3], a strange and monstrous Serpent ([4]a thing most noisome and dreadful to the Inhabitants adjoining, and may with pious compassion let in remorse at our ears to have a fellow feeling of our neighbors’ misery, still remembering this, that sin pulls down punishment, and yet there were in Jerusalem[5] as great sins as those on whom The Tower of Siloam[6] fell, if we search our own bosoms ‘tis to be feared there will be found both cause and effect, Sin and Serpent, but leaving our moral Serpents[7], let us return to the description of our Historical one.
            This Serpent (or Dragon as some call it) is reputed to be nine feet or rather more in length, and shaped almost in the form of an Axeltree[8] of a Cart, a quantity of thickness in the middle, and somewhat smaller at both ends. The former part which he shoots forth (as a neck) is supposed to be an elle[9] long, with a white ring (as it were) of scales about it, The Scales along his back seems to be blackish, and so much as is discovered[10] under his belly appears to be red, for I speak of no nearer description then of a reasonable ocular distance, for coming too near it, has already been too dearly paid for, as you shall hear hereafter.
It is likewise discovered to have large feet, but the eye may be there deceived, for some suppose that Serpents have no feet, but glide upon certain ribs and scales which both defend him from the upper part of his throat onto[11] the lower part of his belly, and also cause them to move much more the faster, for so does this by first drawing together & then shooting forth, rids way (as we call it) as fast as a man can run. It is of countenance[12] very proud and[13] at the sight or hearing of men or cattle, will raise his neck upright,

 and seem to listen and look about with great arrogance[14]: There are likewise on either side of it discovered two great bunches so big as a large football, and (as some think) will in time grow to wings, but God (I hope) in their and our assistance will so instruct and defend us that he shall be destroyed before he grows so fledge[15].
            He will cast his venom about four roads from him, as by woeful experience it was proved on the bodies of a man and a woman coming that way, who afterward was found dead…[16]


Works Cited
"The Life of John Trundle (1575 - 1629)." Barbicanliving.co.uk. Web. 09 Dec. 2012.


[1] Latin; “The truth will admit none of these corners.”
[2] Personification of “truth;” a fair, honest, chaste, “unpainted” woman.
[3] A county in the south-east of England; OED Online.
[4] No end-parenthesis was in the original translation, none has been added here.
[5] The city in Palestine (Israel) so called; the Holy City; OED Online.
[6] An ancient tower in Siloam in south Jerusalem, which fell during the time of Jesus, killing 18 people; when mentioned in the Gospel of Luke, Jesus speaks of the tower’s fall, claiming it as a lesson that death can claim anyone at any given time, despite how sinful or righteous they may be. This seems to be cited in the original copy, as “Luke 13” is glossed to the left of the sentence in which this is mentioned.
[7] In proverbial and allusive phr. referring to the serpent's guile, treachery, or malignancy; other possible meanings; OED Online.
[8] There are many possibilities for this word, but I chose “Axeltree” for I believed that Trundle may have been referring to the four-legged nature of a cart and the serpent.
[9] In reference to the shape of the capitalized letter “L.” The use of “long” signifies that it is capitalized whereas “short” would be a lowercased “l.”
[10] In original, this use of discovered was spelled as “discoured,” which did not match the other instances of “discouered.” This inconstancy may have been an error that went unfixed or could represent a different spelling used at the time. This, along with other uses of the word, have been modified to “discovered.”
[11] There are several possibilities for this word as it is unclear in the original text; “onto” is used here to show connection between the serpent’s throat and his lower belly.
[12] Bearing, demeanor, comportment; behavior, conduct; OED Online.
[13] Additional “and” in original to show it as the first word of the next page has been removed for clarity.
[14] Word is smudged, appears to be “arrogancy,” seems to fit well with the mention of the serpent’s countenance.
[15] Furnished for flight; OED Online.
[16]  The ellipsis signifies the end of this translated edition but that there is more to the original article than demonstrated here.

Rachel Basham - "Returna Brevium" (George Alleyn)


            The first obstacle I ran into with this text was the introduction, because I did not know whether it was necessary to translate it in order to understand the meaning of the poem itself. I decided to leave it in the translation, because I believe it provides a context for when the poem is set. In regards to my translation technique, I changed all the ‘v’s and ‘u’s to ensure that the poem would be read easily. I did, however, keep the extra ‘e’s and some of the minor spellings because those words are easily understood either way. Most of the obsolete words, or words that I had never heard of, are translated with tags by the Oxford English Dictionary. I tried to discern what definition would be best in the poem, though there were some words that had multiple plausible meanings. It may be up to another translator to find a more fitting word. As far as the Latin sentences/phrases, I used my knowledge of the language to translate them, but it is open for anyone to correct any mistranslations.

Returna Brevium1
George Alleyn
Additional Authors: H.A.

Note, that whereas in the returne Quind. Pasce2, the number 21 is twice set downe, it is not ment,
that there are two one and twenty days, but that that 21 day, serveth for two severall purposes, biz.3 for the Day of Exceptions, and the Returna brevium also, and so of such others. Note also, that a writ being returnable (in the common pleas) upon any of the Returne or Essoyne Days4 above mentioned, that the parrid5 ought not to be arrested, upon the same Essoyne Day, the Day of Exception, the Returna brevium, or the Appearance Day of that return.

To the curteous Reader.
All dayes in banke6, in every Terme,
As they fall out, this yeere,
(As plainly as I could contrive)
I offer to thee heere.
Which if to thee in any fort,
May pleasurable bee,
I have my wish, my purpose was,
Only, to pleasure thee.
Nude gratie7                 George Alleyn.

To the curteous & studious Reader.
Acceptance of a simple gift,
in kind and friendly wise*                               *manner                     
Is matchfull, with the giving of
a gift, of greater prise.
Each gift, that every man shall give,
such price and value takes,
As he that shall receive the fame,
acceptance thereof makes.
For kind accept makes smallest gifts
to seeme greatest of all:

And hard accept, makes greatest gifts
to seem but very small.
But good accept, the widdowes mites*                        *small coins
(a thing of small account)
All offrings that the rich men gave,
in value, did surmount.
Heereby, the poore man’s sacrifice.
that was a parched8 cake,
As pleasing was, as all the fleemes                  *flames
that sweet incense could make.
Heereby, two handfulls of water,
to Artaxerxes9 brought,
As welcome was, as jewels rich,
that were most finely wrought.*                      *created
Heereby, poore Cenons navew rootes10,
Became a greater gift,
Then was stately Stallion given,
Upon a gainefull drift.
In hope hereof, I boldned11 was,                                
To string my bow anew,*                                *again
And subject this my second worke
Unto thy friendly view.
The good accept whereof shall be,
The spring-time of my paine:
The sommer of my recompence,12                  
And the harvest of my gaine.
Pro capivi lectoris habent sita fata libelli,
Proque animo capientis habent sua praemia dono13
H.A.

1Returna Brevium. Return of Writs.
2Quind. Pasce. Fifteen Passed.
3Biz. Business (OED).
4Essoyne Days. Essoin Days. The first day Essoins were received at court.
4Essoyne. Essoin, essoign.  Law; The allegation for non-appearance in court at the appointed time.
5Parrid. To enclose, confine; to shut up in an enclosure (OED).
6Banke. A money-dealer’s table, counter, or shop (OED).
7Nude Gratie. Latin for unobstructed grace.
8Parched. Of foodstuffs, esp. grains: dried by exposure to intense heat (OED).
9Antaxerxes. Thrown name of the several Achaemenid rulers of the 1st Persian Empire.
10Navew Rootes. Brassica napus, now rare. Roots of a plant grown for its sweet, fleshy, spindle-shaped root in its supposedly wild form (OED).
11Boldned. Bolden, boldne. To swell (OED).
12Recompence. Recompence. Reparation made for a wrong done (OED).
13Pro…dona. “For the located books have captured the fate of the reader, and they have the gift of his mind for his prize.”

Pierce Hawkins - “The crie of the poore for the death of the Right Honourable Earle of Huntington” (Anon.)



The ballad that I chose to update and edit was printed in 1596 and is titled ‘The cry of the poor for the death of the Right Honourable Earl of Huntington’. The ballad itself is from the voice of the poor and needy that served and lived under Lord Hastings. They lament his death in song form, sharing how he was an honest and respectable man who cared for the people who he lorded over. He cared for the poor rather than turning them away. The Lord Hastings that they speak of is assumed to be Lord Henry Hastings, the third Earl of Huntingdon (now commonly spelled with the d instead of the t but left in its original spelling in the ballad). However, in searching for history references of him online, the most coherent compilation of information on his was found on Wikipedia, which is expected to be an unreliable source. In my editing of this ballad, I modernized spellings of words that ended in ‘ie’ or included a silence ‘e’. I replayed the ‘I’ in words such as ioyfully with the appropriate ‘j’. Several words that were capitalized were made lowercase, e.g. Tennants, Landlordes, and Blesse. The words that remain capitalized in the ballad were chosen that way because of the proper titles or personification of Justice, in one instance. Lastly, I wish to note that the second instance of ‘scar’ was chosen as such to be the same as the first instance ‘scars’.

The cry of the poor for the Right Honourable Earl of Huntington
To the tune of the Earl of Bedford

O God of thy mercy remember the poor,
And grant us thy blessings thy plenty store:[1]
For dead is Lord Hastings[2], the more is our grief,
And now up to heaven we cry for relief.
            Then wail we, then weep we, then mourn we [3]
            The good Earle of Huntington from us is gone.

Too poor and too needy, too high and too low,
Lord Hastings was friendly, all people doth know:
His gates were still open the stranger˚ to feed,                                               straunger
And comfort the succourless always in need.
            Then wail we, &c.˚                                                                              etc.

The husbandless widow he ever did cherish,
And fatherless infants he likewise would nourish:
Too weak and too sick. Too lame and too blind,
Our good Earle of Huntington ever was kind.
            Then wail we, &c.

The naked he clothed with garments from cold,
And frankly bestowed his silver and gold:
His purse was still open in giving the poor,
That always came flocking to Huntington’s door.
            Then wail we, &c.

His tenants that daily repaired to his house,
Was fed with his bacon, his beef and his souse:[4]
Their rents were not raised, their fines were but small
And many poor tenants paid nothing at all.
            Then wail we, &c.

Such landlords in England we seldom shall find,
That to their poor tenants will bear the like mind,
Lord Hastings therefore is joyfully crowned,
With Angels in heaven where peace doth abound.
            Then wail we, &c.


His wisdom so pleased the Queen of this land,
The sword of true Justice, She put in his hand:
Of York he was President, made by her Grace[5],
Her laws to maintain and rule in her place.
            Then wail we, &c.

Such merciful pity remained in his breast,
That all men had justice, and none were oppressed:
His office in virtue, so Godly he spent,
That Prince and his country, his loss may lament.
            Then wail we, &c.

And likewise Lord Hastings is[6] George’s true Knight[7],
Did wear the gold garter of England so bright:
The gift of a Prince, King Edward first gave,
A Gem for a soldier and counselor grave.
            Then wail we, &c.

His coin was not horded, to flourish in pride,
His Kings and his Jewels, and chains to provide:
But gave it to soldiers, wounded in wars,
That pike and the bullet, hath lamed with scars.
            Then wail we, &c.

He built up no palace, nor purchased no town,
But gave it to scholars to get him renown:
As Oxford and Cambridge can rightly declare,
How many poor scholars maintained are there.
            Then wail we, &c.

No groves he enclosed, nor felled no woods,
No pastures he paled[8] to do himself good:
To Commons and Country, he lived a good friend,
And gave to the needy what God did him send.
            Then wail we, &c.

He likewise provided in time of great need,
If England were forced with wars to proceed:
Both men and munition, with horses of war,
The proud foes of England, at all times to scar.
            Then wail we, &c.

Our Queen and our County, hath cause to complain,
That death in his turn this noble hath deign˚:                                                 deine
Yet England rejoice we, rejoice without fear,
Lord Hastings hath left a most Noble heir[9].
            Then wail we, &c.

A thousand poor widows for Huntington’s sake,
As many poor children, their prayers will make:
That God may long prosper his heir left behind,
And grant him old Huntington’s true noble mind.
            Then wail we, &c.

Then pray we for Country, for Prince and for peers˚,                                                Peares
That God may endue[10] them with˚ most happy years:                                   wich
Lord bless us with virtue, with plenty and peace,
And many more subjects like him to increase.
            Then wail we, then weep we, then mourn we [11]
            Our good Earl of Huntington from us is gone.
FINIS

Printed at London for William Blackwall,
and are to be sold at his shop near
Guild-Hall gate. 1596.


[1] Symbol printed between ‘plenty’ and ‘store’ that was indistinguishable and omitted
[2] Lord Henry Hastings – the published date of the ballad (1596) suggests that the Lord Hastings being referred to here is the 3rd Earl of Huntington, Henry Hastings, who died in the year 1595(Wikipedia)
[3] Printed to the right of the chorus lines here was (one/ ech. and could not be understood, thusly omitted
[4] Souse – various parts of a pig or other animal, esp. the feet and ears, prepared or preserved for food by means of pickling (OED)
[5] Lord Hastings was indeed granted the city of York, now known as Yorkshire (Wikipedia)
[6] Printed here was an uppercase S with a period. From the line, it could be gathered to be an early attempt at possessive with a proper name and here becomes ‘is’
[7] Lord Hastings received the knighthood of Garter in the year 1570 (François Velde http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/sociopol_garter04a.htm)
[8] Paled – to be fenced in or off (OED)
[9] Lord Hastings did not have a born heir or son, rather the Earldom was passed onto his brother George Hastings, to become the fourth Earl of Huntington (Wikipedia)
[10] Endue – To bring to a certain state or condition (OED), originally printed as indew
[11] Printed here on the last full rendition of the chorus was (one ech, similar to the printing at the beginning, though this one featuring a comma instead of a period. Without understanding the meaning, thusly omitted

Paige Hammock - "The Pilgrimage by Sir Walter Raleigh, Knight After his CONDEMNATION, the day before his death" (Sir Walter Raleigh)


            Sir Walter Raleigh (approx. 1554 -1618) was a well-liked member of the court and was a significant literary figure during the Elizabethan era. His efforts in the colonization of the New World as well as his participation fighting in Ireland were not unnoticed by Elizabeth, with whom he had a close relationship for most of his life thereafter. Consequently, James I was not a fan of and was threatened by Raleigh. Upon coming to the throne, James sentenced Raleigh to death for allegedly “planning” to change the religion of the country, assist the Spanish in overthrowing him, and to boost negativity toward James among the people.[1] Despite his sentence, the overwhelming outrage in Raleigh’s favor was enough for James to put off following through with the sentence. Instead, James kept Raleigh locked in the Tower for 13 years and released him, then change his mind in 1618 and behead him.
            The original copy of “The Pilgrimage,” other editions sometimes referring to it as “His Pilgrimage,” is from London, printed by George Larkin in Scalding-Alley, in the Poultrey in 1681, 80 years after Raleigh’s sentencing and 63 years after his actual death.
            The edited copy below has been changed in a few ways for ease of reading. Unless denoted with a footnote, words have been changed to their modern spellings - for instance, the use of the long s and the use of u for v has changed to contemporary spellings. Some were left in their original form to keep with Raleigh’s intended rhythm, but none were replaced. Words that are out of date or have unclear definitions are defined by the OED either to the side of the line or are footnoted. Punctuation has remained untouched to keep with rhythm and rhyme of the poem, but capitalizations of most words have been reduced to be modern (again, unless where noted). Additionally, starting with the fourth stanza, I have separated the stanzas myself to follow the pattern of the first three, since in the original copy all stanzas following the first three were one block of text. The overall edition is intended to be very close to the original document.

The Pilgrimage by Sir Walter Raleigh, Knight
After his CONDEMNATION, the day before his death.

Give me my scallop-shell[2] of quiet,
My staff of faith to lean upon;
My scripº of joy, immortal diet,                                              wallet/satchel
My bottle of salvation;
My gown of glory, hopes true gage:[3]
And thus I’ll goº my pilgrimage.                                            take

Blood my be my body’s balm,[4]
For here no other balm is given,
Whilst my soul, like a quiet palm,º                                          pilgrim
Travels to the land of heaven,
And there I’ll kiss the bowl of bliss,[5]
And drink m’eternal fill on ev’ry milky hill.  
My soul may beº a thirst before;                                             have
But after, it shall ne’er thirst more.º                                        anymore

And in this happy blissful way
More painful º pilgrims I shall see,                                          diligent
Which have put off their rags of clay,
And go apparell’d fresh, like me:
I’ll bring them first to quench their thirst
To pure wells where sweetness dwells;
And then to taste of nectar-suckets,º                                      candied fruits
Drawn up by saints in crystal buckets.[6]

And when our bottles, and all we,
Are fill’d with immortality,
The holy paths of heav’n we’ll travel,
With rubies strew’d as thick as gravel;
Ceilings of di’monds, sapphire-floors,
High walls of corral, pearly-bow’rs.[7]

And then to heav’ns bribeless hall,                                        
Where no corrupted voices bawl;
No conscience molded into gold;
No forg’d accuser bought nor sold;
No cause deferr’d, no vain-spent journey;[8]
For CHRIST himself’s the Kings attourney,
Who pleads for all, without degrees;
For He hath angels,[9] but no fees.[10]

And when the grand twelve-million jury
Of all my sins, shall, in a fury,
Against my soul black verdict give;
Christ pleads His death, and I shall live.
Great counsellor! Plead thou my cause;
In thy proceedings can be found no flaws;
Thou won’st salvation as an alms,
Not by the lawyers bribed palms.

And this shall be my eternal plea,
To Him that made heav’n, earth, and sea,
That since my flesh must die so soon,
And want a head to dine next noon;
Even at the stroke when my veins spread,[11]
Set on my soul an everlasting head.
            Then I am ready, like a palmer º fit,                            pilgrim
            To thread those paths that I before have writ.



Works Cited

Oxford English Dictionary Online. Oxford English Dictionary. Web. November 9, 2012 - December 10, 2012.
Powell, William S. “John Pory on the Death of Sir Walter Raleigh.” The William and Mary Quarterly. Third Series, Vol. 9, No. 4. (Oct. 1952): pg. 532-538. Web. December 3,
2012.
Rudolph, Conrad. Pilgrimage to the End of the World: The Road to Santiago de Compostela. 2nd Ed. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2004. Print.
Spenser, Edmund. “The Faerie Queene.” The Broadview Anthology of British Literature: The Renaissance and the Early Seventeenth Century. Vol. 2. Ed. Joseph Black et. al. Toronto: Broadview Press, 2009. pg. 141-240. Print.



[1] Powell, William S. “John Pory on the Death of Sir Walter Raleigh.” The William and Mary Quarterly. pg. 533
[2] scallop-shell -  Original spelling is “scollap-shell.” The scallop shell was the badge of the pilgrim, commonly used in art with the apostle James, and alludes to the Catholic pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela (a tradition dating back to the 12th century), one undertaken unaccompanied, with the goal of attaining religious enlightenment. More information can be found in Conrad Rudolph’s book Pilgrimage to the End of the World: The Road to Santiago de Compostela.
[3] hopes true gage - could be in terms of measurement as in “gauge.” Also, could be used as “a pledge of a person’s appearance to do battle in support of his assertion” in that he is gladly standing behind his religious views because they will ultimately be rewarded in the afterlife with hope, or a “haven... in the midst of fens, or marshes, or wastelands” (OED)
[4] balm - either used for embalming, also a “fragrant oil used for anointing” (OED Online)
[5] bowl of bliss - No definition available. Possibly a bowl of wine, as a symbol of sacrifice, such as in Edmund Spenser’s Faerie Queene. (Book II, Canto XII, Line 66)
[6] In the original copy, the word “And” appears below this line tabbed over. At the ends of pages during the time this what written, the first word of the next page appeared at the bottom of the one proceeding it. I have removed it here for consistency with my edition.
[7] bow’rs - An “idealized abode” (OED Online)
[8] “Where no corrupted voices... vain-spent journey” Referring to his own trial, which was considered “one of the most astonishing ‘frame-ups’ in English judicial history.” (Powell)
[9] angels - Used here as a play on words; can refer either to angels of God, or to a type of coin currency (OED)
[10] The capitalization and italics emphasis here is true to the original copy. I have left it alone because it seems to be in keeping with Raleigh’s desired tone and effect. I’ve also left the capitalizations of the words “Him” or “He” because they reflect similar contemporary capitalizations when referring to God.
[11] veins spread - Referring to when he is beheaded.